absence of parental guidance

His films like 'Nobody Knows' and 'Shoplifters' intimately explore children navigating life without parental protection or presence.

Works such as 'We Need to Talk About Kevin' and 'You Were Never Really Here' examine the psychological fallout of absent or inadequate parenting.

Films like 'The Time to Live and the Time to Die' and 'A City of Sadness' poignantly depict characters abandoned to fate without parental guidance.