agriculture

His films deeply explore humanity's relationship with nature and the land, particularly in works like 'The New World' and 'A Hidden Life' which examine agricultural communities and pastoral landscapes.

His neorealist masterpieces like 'Bicycle Thieves' and 'Umberto D.' portray the struggles of rural and working-class people connected to agricultural societies in post-war Italy.

His documentaries and narrative films like 'Crimson Gold' and 'This Is Not a Film' subtly weave agricultural labor and rural Iranian life into intimate explorations of social injustice and human dignity.