Tracing the thread…
Pioneered surrealist cinema that challenged narrative conventions and social norms through dreamlike, provocative imagery.
Dziga Vertov Soviet UnionRevolutionized documentary filmmaking with experimental montage techniques and the 'Kino-Eye' theory that rejected traditional storytelling.
Stan Brakhage United StatesCreated radical abstract films that abandoned narrative entirely, using innovative cinematography and editing to explore pure visual perception.