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His social realist films like 'I, Daniel Blake' examine how systemic failures devastate people facing health crises and mortality.

She explores psychological fragmentation and human vulnerability, particularly in 'You Were Never Really Here' and 'A Ghost Story,' confronting mortality and loss.

Her visceral, poetic cinema in films like 'L'intrus' and 'High Life' unflinchingly examines bodily decay, disease, and the philosophical weight of human finitude.