frontier land disputes

His Western films like 'The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance' and 'My Darling Clementine' explore the violent establishment of territorial boundaries and the clash between civilization and frontier lawlessness.

His Spaghetti Westerns, particularly the 'Dollars Trilogy,' examine the moral ambiguity and brutal conflicts inherent in frontier land struggles and territorial control.

His films like 'Hero' and 'The Great Wall' deeply engage with themes of frontier defense, territorial disputes, and the human cost of protecting borderlands.