humiliation

His films like 'Antichrist' and 'Nymphomaniac' deliberately subject characters and audiences to extreme psychological and physical humiliation as a core narrative device.

Works such as 'Funny Games' and 'The Seventh Continent' systematically expose and exploit human vulnerability and degradation with clinical precision.

His provocative films like 'Irréversible' and 'Love' confront viewers with graphic scenes designed to humiliate both characters and the audience through unflinching brutality.