illiteracy and shame

His films like 'The Murmuring Coast' and 'Flood' explore rural illiteracy and the psychological shame of marginalized communities in Portuguese society.

His groundbreaking work, particularly 'Black Girl' and 'God's Bits of Wood,' addresses illiteracy, colonial shame, and the dignity of uneducated workers in post-colonial Africa.

Films like 'I, Daniel Blake' and 'Sorry We Missed You' depict the shame and humiliation experienced by working-class people struggling with literacy and systemic exclusion.