motherhood and parental responsibility

His films like 'Like Father, Like Son' and 'Shoplifters' profoundly examine parental bonds, family definitions, and the sacrifices inherent in raising children.

Her work, particularly 'You Were Never Really Here' and 'Waves,' explores maternal grief, trauma, and the psychological complexities of parental love and failure.

Films like 'Portrait of a Lady on Fire' and 'Girlhood' delicately examine female identity and intergenerational relationships, with motherhood as a central tension.