parentage and identity

His films like 'Nobody Knows' and 'Shoplifters' profoundly explore how family bonds transcend biological parentage and challenge conventional notions of kinship.

Through works like 'I, Daniel Blake' and 'Kes', he examines how social circumstances shape parental relationships and a child's sense of belonging and identity.

Her films including 'You Were Never Really Here' and 'Ratcatcher' delve into the psychological scars of absent or damaged parentage and their impact on identity formation.