parental helplessness

His films like 'Shoplifters' and 'After the Storm' poignantly depict parents struggling with inadequacy, poverty, and inability to protect their children.

His social realist works such as 'I, Daniel Blake' and 'Kes' expose systemic forces that render parents powerless to provide for their families.

In 'We Need to Talk About Kevin' and 'You Were Never Really Here,' she explores the psychological torment of parents facing situations beyond their control.