His films like 'Afterlife' and 'Shoplifters' explore parental bonds, sacrifice, and the complexities of family through deeply humanistic storytelling.

Films such as 'I, Daniel Blake' and 'Sorry We Missed You' examine parental struggle, loss of dignity, and the impact on family relationships with social realism.

Her works like 'You Were Never Really Here' and 'A Woman of No Importance' delve into maternal trauma, loss, and psychological devastation with poetic intensity.