His films like 'Shoplifters' and 'Like Father, Like Son' profoundly examine the complexities of parental bonds, family structures, and what truly defines parenthood beyond biology.

Through films like 'I, Daniel Blake' and 'Sorry We Missed You', he depicts the struggles of working-class parents trying to provide for their families amid systemic hardship.

Her films 'We Need to Talk About Kevin' and 'You Were Never Really Here' intensely explore parental guilt, trauma, and the psychological weight of raising children.