physical weakness

His films obsessively examine physical and psychological deterioration, particularly in 'The Wrestler' and 'Black Swan' where bodies become sites of suffering and transformation.

He portrays physical vulnerability and bodily decline with tender humanism, exploring aging, illness, and mortality in films like 'After Life' and 'Like Father, Like Son.'

His body horror cinema viscerally explores physical weakness, disease, and bodily transformation as central metaphors for human fragility and loss of control.