His films like *The Gospel According to St. Matthew* and *Salò* provocatively explore religious iconography, spiritual themes, and the clash between sacred and profane.

His masterpieces *The Passion of Joan of Arc* and *Vampyr* use religious imagery and spiritual suffering as the core of visual and narrative storytelling.

Films like *Andrei Rublev*, *Stalker*, and *The Mirror* meditate on faith, transcendence, and the spiritual dimensions of human existence through contemplative visual poetry.