sexual exploitation

His films like 'Antichrist' and 'Nymphomaniac' explicitly confront sexual exploitation, trauma, and female agency through provocative and unflinching narratives.

Works such as 'Irréversible' and 'Love' examine sexual violence, consent, and exploitation with visceral directness and formal innovation.

Her films 'American Honey' and 'Fish Tank' portray the vulnerability of young women within systems of sexual and economic exploitation with empathy and realism.