substitute teaching

His films frequently explore the complex relationships between educators and students, most notably in 'The 400 Blows' and 'Small Change,' examining how teachers shape and understand youth.

He directly confronted substitute teaching and institutional education through films like 'Up the Down Staircase,' capturing the struggles of educators navigating bureaucracy and student dynamics.

His works, particularly 'Teorema,' explore the transformative and often unsettling influence of outsider figures as teachers or guides within rigid social structures.