Mexican society

His films explore Mexican identity, history, and social class with magical realism, particularly in 'Pan's Labyrinth' and 'The Shape of Water.'

He examines Mexican class divisions, family dynamics, and social inequality through intimate character studies like 'Roma' and 'Y tu mamá también.'

His work critiques Mexican society's violence, corruption, and moral complexities in films like 'Babel,' 'Biutiful,' and 'Birdman.'