War and trauma

His films like 'Mirror' and 'Stalker' explore psychological trauma and the spiritual devastation of war through meditative, philosophical cinema.

His visceral, non-linear narratives in films like 'Irréversible' confront viewers with the raw psychological and physical consequences of violence and trauma.

His films such as 'Dogville' and 'Antichrist' unflinchingly examine human cruelty, grief, and the psychological aftermath of violence and suffering.