adoption

His films like 'Shoplifters' and 'Nobody Knows' intimately explore chosen families, surrogate relationships, and unconventional bonds that transcend biological connections.

'Raising Arizona' directly centers on adoption as its core narrative, examining parenthood, identity, and the lengths people go to create family.

Her films like 'You Were Never Really Here' and 'A Prominent Woman' explore themes of nurture, trauma, and the psychological complexities of belonging and familial relationships.