His neorealist masterpieces like 'Bicycle Thieves' and 'Shoeshine' depict the desperate conditions and moral corruption of children in post-war poverty.

His social realist films such as 'Kes' and 'I, Daniel Blake' examine systemic failures that force children into exploitation and survival struggles.

Her films like 'We Need to Talk About Kevin' and 'You Were Never Really Here' explore the psychological dimensions of child vulnerability and trauma.