holy bible

His films repeatedly wrestle with Catholic theology, sin, redemption, and biblical morality through complex character studies like Taxi Driver, Raging Bull, and The Last Temptation of Christ.

He directly adapted the Gospel of Matthew and explored Christian themes through a Marxist lens, examining faith, sacrifice, and social justice in works like The Gospel According to St. Matthew.

His austere, spiritual filmmaking probes faith and suffering through biblical narratives, most notably in Passion of Joan of Arc and Vampyr, which blend theology with existential questioning.