orphans and adoption

His films like 'Nobody Knows' and 'Shoplifters' intimately explore makeshift families, abandonment, and the bonds formed outside traditional adoption frameworks.

His socially conscious cinema, particularly 'Kes' and 'I, Daniel Blake', examines vulnerable children and systemic failures that create orphanhood and foster care struggles.

Films like 'We Need to Talk About Kevin' and 'You Were Never Really Here' delve into broken familial relationships, parental failure, and the psychological scars of abandonment.