prison and redemption

His films repeatedly explore spiritual redemption through morally flawed characters facing consequences for their actions, most notably in Taxi Driver, Raging Bull, and The Departed.

His meditative approach to cinema examines confinement, loss, and the possibility of transcendence through memory and introspection, particularly in The Assassin and Flowers of Shanghai.

Her psychological films like You Were Never Really Here and We Need to Talk About Kevin probe trauma, guilt, and the struggle toward redemption with haunting visual and narrative precision.