self-portraiture

His films like '8½' and 'Amarcord' are autobiographical explorations of memory, identity, and the filmmaker's relationship with his own creative process and past.

She pioneered cinematic self-portraiture through essay films like 'The Beaches of Agnès,' directly addressing the camera to reflect on aging, mortality, and her own artistic journey.

His experimental films continuously deconstruct cinema itself and his role within it, making the act of filmmaking and self-examination inseparable from the work's content.