His neorealist films like 'I, Daniel Blake' and 'Kes' compassionately depict the struggles of working-class single mothers navigating poverty and social systems.

His films 'Like Father, Like Son' and 'Nobody Knows' tenderly explore single motherhood, maternal sacrifice, and the complexities of family bonds.

Her visceral films 'You Were Never Really Here' and 'We Need to Talk About Kevin' examine motherhood's psychological depth and emotional toll.