surrogate parenthood

Her films explore fractured maternal bonds and emotional surrogacy, particularly in 'You Were Never Really Here' and 'A Girl is a Ghost' where characters serve as emotional caretakers for broken families.

His masterpiece 'Like Father, Like Son' directly examines surrogate parenthood through switched newborns, while 'Shoplifters' explores chosen family and unconventional parental bonds.

His socially conscious films like 'I, Daniel Blake' and 'Sorry We Missed You' portray characters forced into surrogate parental roles within systems of poverty and social neglect.