trickery

His films like *The Game*, *Gone Girl*, and *Se7en* are masterclasses in narrative manipulation where characters and audiences are deliberately deceived through unreliable storytelling.

*The Prestige*, *Inception*, and *Memento* construct elaborate intellectual deceptions where the viewer must grapple with which reality they can trust.

His films *The Handmaiden* and *Oldboy* employ intricate schemes and plot reversals that reveal layers of deception about character motivation and moral ambiguity.