underground markets

His films like 'City of God' and 'Cidade de Deus' provide unflinching explorations of underground drug markets and street life in Rio de Janeiro's favelas.

His transgressive filmography, particularly works like 'Ichi the Killer' and 'Visitor Q,' delves into Japan's yakuza underworld and illicit underground subcultures.

His neo-noir films such as 'Drive' and 'Only God Forgives' examine criminal underworlds, illegal trades, and the psychology of those operating in shadowy markets.