vagrancy

His neorealist masterpieces like 'Umberto D.' and 'Bicycle Thieves' portray the dignity and desperation of displaced, economically marginalized people navigating urban poverty.

His social realist films such as 'Kes' and 'I, Daniel Blake' unflinchingly document the lives of Britain's homeless and economically vulnerable populations.

His philosophical films like 'Paris, Texas' and 'The Million Dollar Hotel' explore existential vagrancy, displacement, and the psychological journeys of rootless wanderers.