tribal warfare

His films like 'Aguirre, the Wrath of God' and 'Fitzcarraldo' explore human conflict and tribal societies with philosophical depth and documentary realism.

His war films, particularly 'The Steel Helmet' and 'Fixed Bayonets!', examine tribal-like military hierarchies and the primal nature of combat between groups.

His Spaghetti Westerns depict rival factions and tribal codes of honor through stylized violence and territorial conflict between competing groups.